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                <blockquote>
<p>嗯，开始做得很好。专业选修课程我已经完成了，额外的选了Linux想要学点东西，开始很认真想要好好做做笔记。到现在自己看玩了收藏关于linux的书，觉得没什么的，也学不到什么的，感觉吐了。开始学gcc和make命令感觉很有用，因为自己再下载软件的时候有时用到make命令，vscode配置编译gcc后面待了一些参数，不想python或者java直接接文件名。觉得了解一下就可以了，用不上。后面讲git命令，再后面不知道讲什么。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="一、Makefile教程尝试"><a href="#一、Makefile教程尝试" class="headerlink" title="一、Makefile教程尝试"></a>一、Makefile教程尝试</h2><blockquote>
<p>编译工具，文件管理就使用文件系统。</p>
<p>make命令编译文件，先要编写makefile</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="1-查看工具"><a href="#1-查看工具" class="headerlink" title="1.查看工具"></a>1.查看工具</h4><ul>
<li>gcc</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">gcc --version<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>make</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">make --version<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="2-试用"><a href="#2-试用" class="headerlink" title="2.试用"></a>2.试用</h4><ul>
<li>创建三个文件。只有一个main函数，生成一个可执行程序</li>
<li>hellofunc.c</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;hellomake.h&gt;

void myPrintHelloMake(void)
{
        printf("Hello Makefiles!!");
        return;
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>hellomake.c</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#include &lt;hellomake.h&gt;
  
int main(void)
{
        myPrintHelloMake();
        return 0;
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>hellomake.h</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">void myPrintHelloMake(void);<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>


<h4 id="3-运行"><a href="#3-运行" class="headerlink" title="3.运行"></a>3.运行</h4><ul>
<li>如果直接编译，会提示找不到.h文件（<strong>错误)</strong></li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">gcc hellofunc.c<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>指定库，指定目标文件（<strong>错误</strong>)</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">gcc -I.-c -o hellofunc.o hellomake.h<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>生成可执行文件（<strong>错误</strong>），每又指定库文件，最后一个也应该是<code>hellofunc.c</code></li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">gcc -o hellomake hellofunc.o<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>生成可执行文件，-I. 表示再当前目录下寻找库文件。-o表示生成可执行文件的名字，只有一个名字。所以后面可能省略了-c参数。-c参数表示指定源文件，可以接多个。</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">gcc -o hellomake hellomake.c hellofunc.c -I.     //success<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="4-简单的makefile"><a href="#4-简单的makefile" class="headerlink" title="4.简单的makefile"></a>4.简单的makefile</h4><blockquote>
<p>这样每次输入命令好麻烦，创建一个文件，里面是需要编译的文件。这个文件就是makefile</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>创建makefile文件（M也可以大写）</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">hellomake:hellomake.c hellofunc.c
				gcc -o hellomake hellomake.c hellofunc.c -I.<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>只需要输入<code>make</code>命令，就会再当前目录下寻找makefile文件。</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">make<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>./可执行文件名,运行</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">./hellomake<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>ls -l</code>查看详细的文件信息，x表示可执行文件</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="5-makefile中使用变量"><a href="#5-makefile中使用变量" class="headerlink" title="5.makefile中使用变量"></a>5.makefile中使用变量</h4><ul>
<li>malefile2(错误)</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-I.
hellomake:hellomake.c hellofunc.c
				$(CC)-o hellomake hellomake.c hellofunc.c$(CFLAGS)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>


<blockquote>
<p>新加入了.c源文件，每次都要打开makefile加入，太麻烦了。</p>
<ul>
<li>筛选出文件夹下的所有.c文件。比如又两个.c，执行生成.o目标文件，然后最后编译为可执行程序,两次编译任务。</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>makefile3</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-I.
DEPS=hellomake.h

%.o:%.c $(DEPS)
				$(CC)-c -o$@$&lt;$(CFLAAGS)
				
hellomake2:hellomake.o hellofunc.o				//查找依赖项，如果没有就会到上面去执行来生成
				$(CC)-o hellomake hellomake.o hellofunc.o<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>makefile4</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>指定所有的依赖项</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-I.        所有项
DEPS=hellomake.h
OBJ = hellomake.o hellofunc.o

%.o:%.c $(DEPS)
				$(CC)-c -o$@$&lt;$(CFLAAGS)     箭头表示第一项

hellomaje:$(OBJ):
				$(CC)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="二、Makefile总结"><a href="#二、Makefile总结" class="headerlink" title="二、Makefile总结"></a>二、Makefile总结</h2><blockquote>
<p>上面是上课尝试的，这里是更具文档总结的</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="简单使用"><a href="#简单使用" class="headerlink" title="简单使用"></a>简单使用</h4><p>1.创建三个文件</p>
<ul>
<li>源文件hellofunc.c</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;hellomake.h&gt;

void myPrintHelloMake(void)
{
        printf(“Hello Makefiles!!”);
        return;
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>源文件hellomake.c</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#include &lt;hellomake.h&gt;

int main(void)
{
        myPrintHelloMake();
        return 0;
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>头文件hellomake.h</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">void myPrintHelloMake(void);<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li>简单编译方式</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>我复制粘贴过来的<code>-</code>,这个符号是中文的，运行报错，改成英文的就可以了</p>
<p>-o表示生成可执行文件（后面也可以接.o文件），-c表示生成目标文件</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">gcc -o hellomake hellomake.c hellofunc.c -I.<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="makefile"><a href="#makefile" class="headerlink" title="makefile"></a>makefile</h4><ol>
<li>Makefile示例1</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">hellomake: hellomake.c hellofunc.c
	gcc -o hellomake hellomake.c hellofunc.c -I.<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li>Makefile示例2</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-I.
hellomake: hellomake.c hellofunc.c
	$(CC) -o hellomake hellomake.c hellofunc.c $(CFLAGS)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="3">
<li>Makefile示例3</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-I.
DEPS = hellomake.h

%.o: %.c $(DEPS)
	$(CC) -c -o $@ $&lt; $(CFLAGS)

hellomake: hellomake.o hellofunc.o
	$(CC) -o hellomake hellomake.o hellofunc.o<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="4">
<li>Makefile示例4</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-I.
DEPS = hellomake.h
OBJ = hellomake.o hellofunc.o

%.o: %.c $(DEPS)
	$(CC) -c -o $@ $&lt; $(CFLAGS)

hellomake: $(OBJ)
	$(CC) -o $@ $^ $(CFLAGS)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="5">
<li>Makefile示例5</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">IDIR = ../include  #存放头文件
CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-I$(IDIR)
ODIR=../obj
LDIR= ../lib
LIBS=-lm

_DEPS = hellomake.h  #再IDIR中寻找这个文件
DEPS = $(patsubst %, $(IDIR)/%, $(_DEPS))

_OBJ = hellomake.o hellofunc.o  
OBJ=$(patsubst %, $(ODIR)/%,$(_OBJ))   #存放再obj中

%.o: %.c $(DEPS)											
	$(CC) -c -o $@ $&lt; $(CFLAGS)

hellomake: $(OBJ)
	$(CC) -o $@ $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)

.PHONY: clean
clean:
	rm -f  $(ODIR)/*.o <span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="三、GDB教程"><a href="#三、GDB教程" class="headerlink" title="三、GDB教程"></a>三、GDB教程</h2><p>1.main.cc</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">// main.cc
// Andrew Gilpin
// agg1@cec.wustl.edu

// This file contains the example program used in the gdb debugging
// tutorial. The tutorial can be found on the web at
// http://students.cec.wustl.edu/~agg1/tutorial/

#include &lt;iostream&gt;

using namespace std;

int number_instantiated = 0;

template &lt;class T&gt;
class Node {
public:
  Node (const T &amp;value, Node&lt;T&gt; *next = 0) : value_(value), next_(next) {
    cout &lt;&lt; "Creating Node, "
         &lt;&lt; ++number_instantiated
         &lt;&lt; " are in existence right now" &lt;&lt; endl;
  }
  ~Node () {
    cout &lt;&lt; "Destroying Node, "
         &lt;&lt; --number_instantiated
         &lt;&lt; " are in existence right now" &lt;&lt; endl;
    next_ = 0;
  }

  Node&lt;T&gt;* next () const { return next_; }
  void next (Node&lt;T&gt; *new_next) { next_ = new_next; };
  const T&amp; value () const { return value_; }
  void value (const T &amp;value) { value_ = value; }

private:
  Node ();
  T value_;
  Node&lt;T&gt; *next_;
};
  
template &lt;class T&gt;
class LinkedList {
public:
  LinkedList () : head_(0) {};
  ~LinkedList () { delete_nodes (); };

  // returns 0 on success, -1 on failure
  int insert (const T &amp;new_item) {
    return ((head_ = new Node&lt;T&gt;(new_item, head_)) != 0) ? 0 : -1;
  }

  // returns 0 on success, -1 on failure
  int remove (const T &amp;item_to_remove) {
    Node&lt;T&gt; *marker = head_;
    Node&lt;T&gt; *temp = 0;  // temp points to one behind as we iterate

    while (marker != 0) {
      if (marker-&gt;value() == item_to_remove) {
        if (temp == 0) { // marker is the first element in the list
          if (marker-&gt;next() == 0) {
            head_ = 0;
            delete marker; // marker is the only element in the list
            marker = 0;
          } else {
            head_ = new Node&lt;T&gt;(marker-&gt;value(), marker-&gt;next());
            delete marker;
            marker = 0;
          }
          return 0;
        } else {
          temp-&gt;next (marker-&gt;next());
          delete temp;
          temp = 0;
          return 0;
        }
      }
      marker = 0;  // reset the marker
      temp = marker;
      marker = marker-&gt;next();
    }

    return -1;	// failure
  }

  void print (void) {
    Node&lt;T&gt; *marker = head_;
    while (marker != 0) {
      cout &lt;&lt; marker-&gt;value() &lt;&lt; endl;
      marker = marker-&gt;next();
    }
  }

private:
  void delete_nodes (void) {
    Node&lt;T&gt; *marker = head_;
    while (marker != 0) {
      Node&lt;T&gt; *temp = marker;
      delete marker;
      marker = temp-&gt;next();
    }
  }
        
  Node&lt;T&gt; *head_;
};

int main (int argc, char **argv) {
  LinkedList&lt;int&gt; *list = new LinkedList&lt;int&gt; ();

  list-&gt;insert (1);
  list-&gt;insert (2);
  list-&gt;insert (3);
  list-&gt;insert (4);

  cout &lt;&lt; "The fully created list is:" &lt;&lt; endl;
  list-&gt;print ();

  cout &lt;&lt; endl &lt;&lt; "Now removing elements:" &lt;&lt; endl;
  list-&gt;remove (4);
  list-&gt;print ();
  cout &lt;&lt; endl;

  list-&gt;remove (1);
  list-&gt;print ();
  cout &lt;&lt; endl;

  list-&gt;remove (2);
  list-&gt;print ();
  cout &lt;&lt; endl;

  list-&gt;remove (3);
  list-&gt;print ();

  delete list;

  return 0;
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li>交叉编译</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">g++ --version  # 查看版本
g++ -g -o main main.cc<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="3">
<li>启动运行</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">gdb main
(gdb)run<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>输出</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">Starting program: /home/aistudio/work/main 
Creating Node, 1 are in existence right now
Creating Node, 2 are in existence right now
Creating Node, 3 are in existence right now
Creating Node, 4 are in existence right now
The fully created list is:
4
3
2
1

Now removing elements:
Creating Node, 5 are in existence right now
Destroying Node, 4 are in existence right now
4
3
2
1


Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000000000401014 in Node&lt;int&gt;::next (this=0x0) at main.cc:22
22        Node&lt;T&gt;* next () const { return next_; }
(gdb)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="4">
<li>查看出错调用</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">(gdb) backtrace<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>输出</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#0  0x0000000000401014 in Node&lt;int&gt;::next (this=0x0) at main.cc:22
#1  0x0000000000400f2e in LinkedList&lt;int&gt;::remove (this=0x614c20, item_to_remove=@0x7fffffffd7ec: 1) at main.cc:71
#2  0x0000000000400bd6 in main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffd8f8) at main.cc:114
(gdb) <span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="5">
<li>查看函数参数值</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">x 0x7fffffffd7ec<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>输出参数值</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">0x7fffffffd7ec: 0x00000001
(gdb)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="6">
<li>设置断点</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">(gdb) break LinkedList&lt;int&gt;::remove<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="7">
<li>输出信息</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">Breakpoint 1 at 0x400dd3: file main.cc, line 46.
(gdb)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="8">
<li>设置条件断点</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">(gdb)condition 1 item_to_remove==1<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="9">
<li>再次调试运行程序</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">(gdb) run<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="10">
<li>输出信息</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">The program being debugged has been started already.
Start it from the beginning? (y or n) <span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>17.输入y继续运行,输出信息</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">Starting program: /home/aistudio/work/main 
Creating Node, 1 are in existence right now
Creating Node, 2 are in existence right now
Creating Node, 3 are in existence right now
Creating Node, 4 are in existence right now
The fully created list is:
4
3
2
1

Now removing elements:
Creating Node, 5 are in existence right now
Destroying Node, 4 are in existence right now
4
3
2
1


Breakpoint 1, LinkedList&lt;int&gt;::remove (this=0x614c20, item_to_remove=@0x7fffffffd7ec: 1) at main.cc:46
46          Node&lt;T&gt; *marker = head_;
(gdb) <span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="18">
<li>单步运行</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">(gdb)step<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="19">
<li>输出信息</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">47          Node&lt;T&gt; *temp = 0;  // temp points to one behind as we iterate
(gdb)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>20.显示当前局部变量</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">(gdb) info locals<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>21.输出信息</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">marker = 0x6150d0
temp = 0x0<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>22.打印变量类型信息</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">(gdb) ptype marker
type = class Node&lt;int&gt; [with T = int] {
  private:
    T value_;
    Node&lt;T&gt; *next_;

  public:
    Node(const T &amp;, Node&lt;T&gt; *);
  private:
    Node(void);
  public:
    ~Node();
    Node&lt;T&gt; * next(void) const;
    void next(Node&lt;T&gt; *);
    const T &amp; value(void) const;
    void value(const T &amp;);
} *
(gdb)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>23.打印变量值</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">(gdb) print item_to_remove
$2 = (const int &amp;) @0x7fffffffd7ec: 1<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>24.列出代码</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">(gdb) list
41          return ((head_ = new Node&lt;T&gt;(new_item, head_)) != 0) ? 0 : -1;
42        }
43
44        // returns 0 on success, -1 on failure
45        int remove (const T &amp;item_to_remove) {
46          Node&lt;T&gt; *marker = head_;
47          Node&lt;T&gt; *temp = 0;  // temp points to one behind as we iterate
48
49          while (marker != 0) {
50            if (marker-&gt;value() == item_to_remove) {
(gdb) <span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="四、CMake教程"><a href="#四、CMake教程" class="headerlink" title="四、CMake教程"></a>四、CMake教程</h2><h4 id="一、一个简单示例"><a href="#一、一个简单示例" class="headerlink" title="一、一个简单示例"></a>一、一个简单示例</h4><h6 id="A-最简单的CMakeLists-txt"><a href="#A-最简单的CMakeLists-txt" class="headerlink" title="A) 最简单的CMakeLists.txt"></a>A) 最简单的CMakeLists.txt</h6><ol>
<li>有c++文件tutorial.cxx</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">// 一个简单的计算平方根程序
#include &lt;cmath&gt;
#include &lt;cstdlib&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  if (argc &lt; 2) {
    std::cout &lt;&lt; "Usage: " &lt;&lt; argv[0] &lt;&lt; " number" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
    return 1;
  }

  // 类型转换将输入数字转换为double型
  const double inputValue = atof(argv[1]);

  // 计算平方根
  const double outputValue = sqrt(inputValue);
  std::cout &lt;&lt; "The square root of " &lt;&lt; inputValue &lt;&lt; " is " &lt;&lt; outputValue
            &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  return 0;
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>核心项目文件(配置文件)CMakeLists.txt示例</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)

# 设置项目名称
project(Tutorial)

# 添加目标可执行程序
add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>编译和执行</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">$ mkdir build
$ make
$ ./Tutorial<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="B-加入版本号和配置头文件"><a href="#B-加入版本号和配置头文件" class="headerlink" title="B)加入版本号和配置头文件"></a>B)加入版本号和配置头文件</h6><ol>
<li>在CMakeLists.txt中加入版本号</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none"># 设置项目名称和版本号
project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>生成配置头文件的输入文件TutorialConfig.h.in</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">// 项目的配置选项或设置
#define Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR @Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR@
#define Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR @Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR@<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>在CMakeLists.txt中加入生成配置文件的指令，配置文件将被生成在生成项目可执行程序的位置</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">configure_file(TutorialConfig.h.in TutorialConfig.h)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>在CMakeLists.txt项目中引入配置文件</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">target_include_directories(Tutorial PUBLIC "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}" )<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>在CMakeLists.txt中加入C++版本支持</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><strong>6. 在tutorial.cxx中包含生成的配置文件头文件TutorialConfig.h</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>在tutorial.cxx中加入配置文件中选项的引用</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">if (argc &lt; 2) {
  // report version
  std::cout &lt;&lt; argv[0] &lt;&lt; " Version " &lt;&lt; Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR &lt;&lt; "."
            &lt;&lt; Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  std::cout &lt;&lt; "Usage: " &lt;&lt; argv[0] &lt;&lt; " number" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  return 1;
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>8.编译运行程序</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">$rm -rf build
$mkdir build
$cd build
$cmake ../
$make
$./Tutorial<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="二、为项目添加自定义库"><a href="#二、为项目添加自定义库" class="headerlink" title="二、为项目添加自定义库"></a>二、为项目添加自定义库</h4><h6 id="A-为项目添加一个简单的库"><a href="#A-为项目添加一个简单的库" class="headerlink" title="A)为项目添加一个简单的库"></a>A)为项目添加一个简单的库</h6><ol>
<li>在当前文件夹创建MathFunctions文件夹，并在该文件夹下创建头文件MathFunctions.h，源文件mysqrt.cxx和CMakeLists.txt</li>
<li>头文件件MathFunctions.h的内容如下</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">double mysqrt(double x);<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>源文件mysqrt.cxx的内容如下</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#include &lt;iostream&gt;

// a hack square root calculation using simple operations
double mysqrt(double x)
{
  if (x &lt;= 0) {
    return 0;
  }

  double result = x;

  // do ten iterations
  for (int i = 0; i &lt; 10; ++i) {
    if (result &lt;= 0) {
      result = 0.1;
    }
    double delta = x - (result * result);
    result = result + 0.5 * delta / result;
    std::cout &lt;&lt; "Computing sqrt of " &lt;&lt; x &lt;&lt; " to be " &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  }
  return result;
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>MathFunctions文件夹中的CMakeLists.txt的内容为</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">add_library(MathFunctions mysqrt.cxx)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>在主CMakeLists.txt中添加子文件夹和链接依赖</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none"># 添加子文件夹
add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)

# 添加可执行程序
add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)

# 添加依赖库
target_link_libraries(Tutorial PUBLIC MathFunctions)

# 添加包含文件夹
target_include_directories(Tutorial PUBLIC
                          "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}"
                          "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/MathFunctions"
                          )<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>参照前一示例编译运行程序</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="B-为项目设置选项"><a href="#B-为项目设置选项" class="headerlink" title="B)为项目设置选项"></a>B)为项目设置选项</h5><ol>
<li>在主CMakeLists.txt中添加配置选项</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none"># 配置选项
option(USE_MYMATH "Use tutorial provided math implementation" ON)

# 生成配置头文件
configure_file(TutorialConfig.h.in TutorialConfig.h)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>2.在主CMakeLists.txt中添加选项逻辑</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">if(USE_MYMATH)
  add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
  list(APPEND EXTRA_LIBS MathFunctions)
  list(APPEND EXTRA_INCLUDES "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/MathFunctions")
endif()

# add the executable
add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)

target_link_libraries(Tutorial PUBLIC ${EXTRA_LIBS})

# add the binary tree to the search path for include files
# so that we will find TutorialConfig.h
target_include_directories(Tutorial PUBLIC
                           "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}"
                           ${EXTRA_INCLUDES}
                           )<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>在tutorial.cxx文件中添加选项头文件包含逻辑</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#ifdef USE_MYMATH
#  include "MathFunctions.h"
#endif<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>在tutorial.cxx文件中加入函数使用逻辑</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#ifdef USE_MYMATH
  const double outputValue = mysqrt(inputValue);
#else
  const double outputValue = sqrt(inputValue);
#endif<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>5.在配置文件TutorialConfig.h.in中添加选项定义</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#cmakedefine USE_MYMATH<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>参照前述示例编译运行程序</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="C-少量引用优化"><a href="#C-少量引用优化" class="headerlink" title="C) 少量引用优化"></a>C) 少量引用优化</h4><ol>
<li>在MathFunctions文件夹中CMakeLists.txt中添加</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">target_include_directories(MathFunctions
          INTERFACE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
          )<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>更新主CMakeLists.txt条件选项部分如下</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">if(USE_MYMATH)
  add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
  list(APPEND EXTRA_LIBS MathFunctions)
endif()<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>更新主CMakeLists.txt包含目录部分如下</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">target_include_directories(Tutorial PUBLIC
                           "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}"
                           )<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>参照前述示例编译运行程序</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="三、安装与测试"><a href="#三、安装与测试" class="headerlink" title="三、安装与测试"></a>三、安装与测试</h4><h6 id="A-安装规则"><a href="#A-安装规则" class="headerlink" title="A)安装规则"></a>A)安装规则</h6><ol>
<li>在MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt文件中添加</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">install(TARGETS MathFunctions DESTINATION lib)
install(FILES MathFunctions.h DESTINATION include)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>在主CMakeLists.txt中添加</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">install(TARGETS Tutorial DESTINATION bin)
install(FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/TutorialConfig.h"
  DESTINATION include
  )<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>编译与安装</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">$ rm -rf build
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake ../
$ make install<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="B-添加测试支持"><a href="#B-添加测试支持" class="headerlink" title="B)添加测试支持"></a>B)添加测试支持</h6><p>1.在主CMakeLists.txt文件中添加</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">enable_testing()

# does the application run
add_test(NAME Runs COMMAND Tutorial 25)

# does the usage message work?
add_test(NAME Usage COMMAND Tutorial)
set_tests_properties(Usage
  PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "Usage:.*number"
  )

# define a function to simplify adding tests
function(do_test target arg result)
  add_test(NAME Comp${arg} COMMAND ${target} ${arg})
  set_tests_properties(Comp${arg}
    PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION ${result}
    )
endfunction(do_test)

# do a bunch of result based tests
do_test(Tutorial 4 "4 is 2")
do_test(Tutorial 9 "9 is 3")
do_test(Tutorial 5 "5 is 2.236")
do_test(Tutorial 7 "7 is 2.645")
do_test(Tutorial 25 "25 is 5")
do_test(Tutorial -25 "-25 is [-nan|nan|0]")
do_test(Tutorial 0.0001 "0.0001 is 0.01")<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>编译与测试</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">$ rm -rf build
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake ../
$ make test<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="四、添加系统检测"><a href="#四、添加系统检测" class="headerlink" title="四、添加系统检测"></a>四、添加系统检测</h4><h6 id="A-选项设置在配置文件TutorialConfig-h-in中"><a href="#A-选项设置在配置文件TutorialConfig-h-in中" class="headerlink" title="A)选项设置在配置文件TutorialConfig.h.in中"></a>A)选项设置在配置文件TutorialConfig.h.in中</h6><ol>
<li>在主CMakeLists.txt中添加</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">include(CheckSymbolExists)
set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES "m")
check_symbol_exists(log "math.h" HAVE_LOG)
check_symbol_exists(exp "math.h" HAVE_EXP)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>在配置文件TutorialConfig.h.in中添加</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#cmakedefine HAVE_LOG
#cmakedefine HAVE_EXP<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>在MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx中添加如下内容，注意在合return语句前添加#endif，并加入包含文件cmath</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#if defined(HAVE_LOG) &amp;&amp; defined(HAVE_EXP)
  double result = exp(log(x) * 0.5);
  std::cout &lt;&lt; "Computing sqrt of " &lt;&lt; x &lt;&lt; " to be " &lt;&lt; result
            &lt;&lt; " using log and exp" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
#else
  double result = x;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>修改MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt内容</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">target_include_directories(MathFunctions
          INTERFACE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
          PRIVATE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
          )<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>编译运行程序</li>
</ol>
<h6 id="B-选项设置为编译时定义"><a href="#B-选项设置为编译时定义" class="headerlink" title="B)选项设置为编译时定义"></a>B)选项设置为编译时定义</h6><p>1.修改主CMakeLists.txt为</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">include(CheckSymbolExists)
set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES "m")
check_symbol_exists(log "math.h" HAVE_LOG)
check_symbol_exists(exp "math.h" HAVE_EXP)

if(HAVE_LOG AND HAVE_EXP)
  target_compile_definitions(MathFunctions
                             PRIVATE "HAVE_LOG" "HAVE_EXP")
endif()<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>编译运行</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="五、-添加用户命令生成文件"><a href="#五、-添加用户命令生成文件" class="headerlink" title="五、 添加用户命令生成文件"></a>五、 添加用户命令生成文件</h4><ol>
<li>在相关源文件、头文件、配置文件中移除HAVE_LOG， HAVE_EXP相关内容。</li>
<li>在MathFunctions文件夹下添加MakeTable.cxx文件，文件内容如下</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#include &lt;cmath&gt;
#include &lt;fstream&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  // make sure we have enough arguments
  if (argc &lt; 2) {
    return 1;
  }

  std::ofstream fout(argv[1], std::ios_base::out);
  const bool fileOpen = fout.is_open();
  if (fileOpen) {
    fout &lt;&lt; "double sqrtTable[] = {" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 10; ++i) {
      fout &lt;&lt; sqrt(static_cast&lt;double&gt;(i)) &lt;&lt; "," &lt;&lt; std::endl;
    }
    // close the table with a zero
    fout &lt;&lt; "0};" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
    fout.close();
  }
  return fileOpen ? 0 : 1; // return 0 if wrote the file
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>修改和添加MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt文件如下</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">add_executable(MakeTable MakeTable.cxx)

add_custom_command(
  OUTPUT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Table.h
  COMMAND MakeTable ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Table.h
  DEPENDS MakeTable
  )
  
add_library(MathFunctions
            mysqrt.cxx
            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Table.h
            )
            
target_include_directories(MathFunctions
          INTERFACE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
          PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
          )<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>修改mysqrt.cxx文件内容如下</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">double mysqrt(double x)
{
  if (x &lt;= 0) {
    return 0;
  }

  // use the table to help find an initial value
  double result = x;
  if (x &gt;= 1 &amp;&amp; x &lt; 10) {
    std::cout &lt;&lt; "Use the table to help find an initial value " &lt;&lt; std::endl;
    result = sqrtTable[static_cast&lt;int&gt;(x)];
  }

  // do ten iterations
  for (int i = 0; i &lt; 10; ++i) {
    if (result &lt;= 0) {
      result = 0.1;
    }
    double delta = x - (result * result);
    result = result + 0.5 * delta / result;
    std::cout &lt;&lt; "Computing sqrt of " &lt;&lt; x &lt;&lt; " to be " &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  }

  return result;
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>编译运行程序</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="六、混合使用动态库和静态库"><a href="#六、混合使用动态库和静态库" class="headerlink" title="六、混合使用动态库和静态库"></a>六、混合使用动态库和静态库</h4><ol>
<li>修改主CMakeLists.txt为</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)

# set the project name and version
project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0)

# specify the C++ standard
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)

# control where the static and shared libraries are built so that on windows
# we don't need to tinker with the path to run the executable
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}")
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}")
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}")

option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build using shared libraries" ON)

# configure a header file to pass the version number only
configure_file(TutorialConfig.h.in TutorialConfig.h)

# add the MathFunctions library
add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)

# add the executable
add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
target_link_libraries(Tutorial PUBLIC MathFunctions)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>修改MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt为</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none"># add the library that runs
add_library(MathFunctions MathFunctions.cxx)

# state that anybody linking to us needs to include the current source dir
# to find MathFunctions.h, while we don't.
target_include_directories(MathFunctions
                           INTERFACE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
                           )

# should we use our own math functions
option(USE_MYMATH "Use tutorial provided math implementation" ON)
if(USE_MYMATH)

  target_compile_definitions(MathFunctions PRIVATE "USE_MYMATH")

  # first we add the executable that generates the table
  add_executable(MakeTable MakeTable.cxx)

  # add the command to generate the source code
  add_custom_command(
    OUTPUT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Table.h
    COMMAND MakeTable ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Table.h
    DEPENDS MakeTable
    )

  # library that just does sqrt
  add_library(SqrtLibrary STATIC
              mysqrt.cxx
              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Table.h
              )

  # state that we depend on our binary dir to find Table.h
  target_include_directories(SqrtLibrary PRIVATE
                             ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
                             )

  target_link_libraries(MathFunctions PRIVATE SqrtLibrary)
endif()

# define the symbol stating we are using the declspec(dllexport) when
# building on windows
target_compile_definitions(MathFunctions PRIVATE "EXPORTING_MYMATH")

# install rules
install(TARGETS MathFunctions DESTINATION lib)
install(FILES MathFunctions.h DESTINATION include)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>更改MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx为</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#include &lt;iostream&gt;

#include "MathFunctions.h"

// include the generated table
#include "Table.h"

namespace mathfunctions {
namespace detail {
// a hack square root calculation using simple operations
double mysqrt(double x)
{
  if (x &lt;= 0) {
    return 0;
  }

  // use the table to help find an initial value
  double result = x;
  if (x &gt;= 1 &amp;&amp; x &lt; 10) {
    std::cout &lt;&lt; "Use the table to help find an initial value " &lt;&lt; std::endl;
    result = sqrtTable[static_cast&lt;int&gt;(x)];
  }

  // do ten iterations
  for (int i = 0; i &lt; 10; ++i) {
    if (result &lt;= 0) {
      result = 0.1;
    }
    double delta = x - (result * result);
    result = result + 0.5 * delta / result;
    std::cout &lt;&lt; "Computing sqrt of " &lt;&lt; x &lt;&lt; " to be " &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  }

  return result;
}
}
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>更新MathFunctions/MathFunctions.h为</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#if defined(_WIN32)
#  if defined(EXPORTING_MYMATH)
#    define DECLSPEC __declspec(dllexport)
#  else
#    define DECLSPEC __declspec(dllimport)
#  endif
#else // non windows
#  define DECLSPEC
#endif

namespace mathfunctions {
double DECLSPEC sqrt(double x);
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>加入位置独立代码支持</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none"># state that SqrtLibrary need PIC when the default is shared libraries
set_target_properties(SqrtLibrary PROPERTIES
                      POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS}
                      )

target_link_libraries(MathFunctions PRIVATE SqrtLibrary)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol>
<li>编译运行程序</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="七、-参照官方教程学习其它相关内容"><a href="#七、-参照官方教程学习其它相关内容" class="headerlink" title="七、 参照官方教程学习其它相关内容"></a>七、 参照官方教程学习其它相关内容</h4><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/guide/tutorial/index.html">【官方教程】</a></p>

                
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